question: What is metabolism?

correct answer: The totality of an organism’s chemical reactions

wrong answer 1: Only digestion reactions

wrong answer 2: Only energy-releasing reactions

wrong answer 3: Only reactions using ATP


question: Metabolism is an emergent property arising from

correct answer: Orderly interactions between molecules

wrong answer 1: Random reactions

wrong answer 2: Cell division

wrong answer 3: Protein folding


question: The first law of thermodynamics states that

correct answer: Energy cannot be created or destroyed

wrong answer 1: Energy is always lost as heat

wrong answer 2: Entropy decreases

wrong answer 3: Cells create energy


question: The second law of thermodynamics states that

correct answer: Energy transfers increase entropy

wrong answer 1: Energy is recycled completely

wrong answer 2: Entropy decreases in cells

wrong answer 3: Heat is fully usable


question: Entropy is best defined as

correct answer: A measure of disorder

wrong answer 1: Total energy

wrong answer 2: Temperature change

wrong answer 3: ATP concentration


question: A spontaneous process is one that

correct answer: Increases entropy

wrong answer 1: Needs ATP

wrong answer 2: Is fast

wrong answer 3: Occurs only in cells


question: What is a metabolic pathway?

correct answer: A series of chemical reactions

wrong answer 1: A single reaction

wrong answer 2: A random reaction

wrong answer 3: A reaction without enzymes


question: Each step in a metabolic pathway is catalyzed by

correct answer: A specific enzyme

wrong answer 1: ATP directly

wrong answer 2: Heat

wrong answer 3: Any protein


question: Catabolic pathways function to

correct answer: Break down complex molecules

wrong answer 1: Build complex molecules

wrong answer 2: Store energy only

wrong answer 3: Reduce entropy


question: Cellular respiration is an example of

correct answer: A catabolic pathway

wrong answer 1: An anabolic pathway

wrong answer 2: Mechanical work

wrong answer 3: Transport work


question: Anabolic pathways function to

correct answer: Build complex molecules

wrong answer 1: Break down glucose

wrong answer 2: Release energy

wrong answer 3: Increase disorder only


question: Another term for anabolic pathways is

correct answer: Biosynthetic pathways

wrong answer 1: Degradative pathways

wrong answer 2: Exergonic pathways

wrong answer 3: Catabolic pathways


question: Energy released from catabolic pathways is used to

correct answer: Drive anabolic pathways

wrong answer 1: Decrease entropy

wrong answer 2: Destroy ATP

wrong answer 3: Stop metabolism


question: Bioenergetics is the study of

correct answer: Energy flow through living organisms

wrong answer 1: Protein synthesis

wrong answer 2: Cell division only

wrong answer 3: Membrane transport


question: Energy is defined as

correct answer: The capacity to cause change

wrong answer 1: Stored ATP only

wrong answer 2: Heat only

wrong answer 3: Motion only


question: Kinetic energy is energy of

correct answer: Motion

wrong answer 1: Structure

wrong answer 2: Location

wrong answer 3: Chemical bonds


question: Thermal energy is related to

correct answer: Random motion of particles

wrong answer 1: Ordered motion only

wrong answer 2: Potential energy

wrong answer 3: Chemical bonds


question: Potential energy is energy due to

correct answer: Location or structure

wrong answer 1: Motion

wrong answer 2: Heat

wrong answer 3: Random movement


question: Chemical energy is a type of

correct answer: Potential energy

wrong answer 1: Kinetic energy

wrong answer 2: Thermal energy

wrong answer 3: Mechanical energy


question: Thermodynamics is the study of

correct answer: Energy transformations

wrong answer 1: Cell division

wrong answer 2: Protein folding

wrong answer 3: DNA replication


question: A system is defined as

correct answer: Matter under study

wrong answer 1: The entire universe

wrong answer 2: Only living cells

wrong answer 3: Only nonliving matter


question: An isolated system can exchange

correct answer: Neither energy nor matter

wrong answer 1: Only energy

wrong answer 2: Only matter

wrong answer 3: Both energy and matter


question: An open system can exchange

correct answer: Both energy and matter

wrong answer 1: Neither energy nor matter

wrong answer 2: Only energy

wrong answer 3: Only matter


question: The universe consists of

correct answer: System and surroundings

wrong answer 1: Only systems

wrong answer 2: Only surroundings

wrong answer 3: Only cells


question: The first law of thermodynamics is also known as

correct answer: Conservation of energy

wrong answer 1: Law of entropy

wrong answer 2: Law of equilibrium

wrong answer 3: Law of metabolism


question: The second law explains why

correct answer: Energy conversions are inefficient

wrong answer 1: Energy is destroyed

wrong answer 2: Entropy decreases

wrong answer 3: ATP is unlimited


question: Heat is energy associated with

correct answer: Random molecular motion

wrong answer 1: Ordered motion only

wrong answer 2: Chemical bonds only

wrong answer 3: Cell structure


question: Free energy is the energy available to

correct answer: Do work

wrong answer 1: Increase entropy only

wrong answer 2: Be stored permanently

wrong answer 3: Destroy heat


question: ΔG represents

correct answer: Change in free energy

wrong answer 1: Change in entropy

wrong answer 2: Change in heat

wrong answer 3: Change in motion


question: The equation for free energy change is

correct answer: ΔG = ΔH − TΔS

wrong answer 1: ΔG = TΔS − ΔH

wrong answer 2: ΔG = ΔH + TΔS

wrong answer 3: ΔG = ΔS − TΔH


question: ΔH represents

correct answer: Change in enthalpy

wrong answer 1: Change in entropy

wrong answer 2: Change in free energy

wrong answer 3: Change in temperature


question: ΔS represents

correct answer: Change in entropy

wrong answer 1: Change in enthalpy

wrong answer 2: Change in heat

wrong answer 3: Change in ATP


question: A reaction with negative ΔG is

correct answer: Spontaneous

wrong answer 1: Nonspontaneous

wrong answer 2: At equilibrium

wrong answer 3: Endergonic


question: A reaction with positive ΔG is

correct answer: Endergonic

wrong answer 1: Spontaneous

wrong answer 2: Exergonic

wrong answer 3: At equilibrium


question: Exergonic reactions

correct answer: Release free energy

wrong answer 1: Absorb free energy

wrong answer 2: Require ATP

wrong answer 3: Are never spontaneous


question: Endergonic reactions

correct answer: Absorb free energy

wrong answer 1: Release free energy

wrong answer 2: Are spontaneous

wrong answer 3: Increase entropy


question: At equilibrium

correct answer: free energy is

wrong answer 1: At minimum

wrong answer 2: At maximum

wrong answer 3: Increasing


question: At equilibrium

correct answer: a system can do

wrong answer 1: No work

wrong answer 2: Maximum work

wrong answer 3: Infinite work


question: Systems move spontaneously toward

correct answer: Equilibrium

wrong answer 1: Instability

wrong answer 2: Higher free energy

wrong answer 3: Lower entropy


question: Living cells are never at equilibrium because

correct answer: They are open systems

wrong answer 1: They lack enzymes

wrong answer 2: They lack ATP

wrong answer 3: They lack entropy


question: ATP powers cellular work by

correct answer: Coupling exergonic to endergonic reactions

wrong answer 1: Increasing entropy only

wrong answer 2: Producing heat only

wrong answer 3: Destroying enzymes


question: Energy coupling allows

correct answer: Unfavorable reactions to occur

wrong answer 1: Only spontaneous reactions

wrong answer 2: ATP destruction

wrong answer 3: Heat loss


question: Chemical work involves

correct answer: Pushing endergonic reactions

wrong answer 1: Moving substances

wrong answer 2: Beating cilia

wrong answer 3: Heat transfer


question: Transport work involves

correct answer: Pumping substances across membranes

wrong answer 1: Protein synthesis

wrong answer 2: Muscle contraction

wrong answer 3: Heat release


question: Mechanical work involves

correct answer: Movement such as beating of cilia

wrong answer 1: ATP synthesis

wrong answer 2: Diffusion

wrong answer 3: Protein folding


question: ATP hydrolysis is

correct answer: Exergonic

wrong answer 1: Endergonic

wrong answer 2: At equilibrium

wrong answer 3: Nonspontaneous


question: ATP consists of

correct answer: Adenine ribose and three phosphates

wrong answer 1: Glucose only

wrong answer 2: Two phosphates only

wrong answer 3: Amino acids


question: Energy is released from ATP when

correct answer: A phosphate bond is broken

wrong answer 1: Adenine is removed

wrong answer 2: Ribose is broken

wrong answer 3: ATP is formed


question: Catabolic reactions generally have

correct answer: Negative ΔG

wrong answer 1: Positive ΔG

wrong answer 2: Zero ΔG

wrong answer 3: No energy change


question: Anabolic reactions generally have

correct answer: Positive ΔG

wrong answer 1: Negative ΔG

wrong answer 2: Zero ΔG

wrong answer 3: No ATP use


question: Entropy of the universe tends to

correct answer: Increase

wrong answer 1: Decrease

wrong answer 2: Stay constant

wrong answer 3: Disappear


question: Order can increase in cells because

correct answer: Cells use energy

wrong answer 1: Entropy is destroyed

wrong answer 2: Second law is violated

wrong answer 3: Heat is eliminated


question: Simple molecules forming complex ones is an example of

correct answer: Anabolism

wrong answer 1: Catabolism

wrong answer 2: Diffusion

wrong answer 3: Equilibrium


question: Glucose breakdown releases energy because

correct answer: Products have less free energy

wrong answer 1: Entropy decreases

wrong answer 2: ATP is destroyed

wrong answer 3: Heat is removed


question: Energy lost as heat during reactions

correct answer: Increases entropy

wrong answer 1: Decreases entropy

wrong answer 2: Does useful work

wrong answer 3: Is fully recycled


question: Metabolic pathways are regulated to

correct answer: Balance supply and demand

wrong answer 1: Stop reactions completely

wrong answer 2: Increase entropy only

wrong answer 3: Waste energy


question: Enzymes affect reactions by

correct answer: Lowering activation energy

wrong answer 1: Changing ΔG

wrong answer 2: Increasing entropy

wrong answer 3: Providing ATP


question: Spontaneous reactions

correct answer: Do not require added energy

wrong answer 1: Always occur quickly

wrong answer 2: Never need enzymes

wrong answer 3: Only occur in cells


question: A cell doing work must be

correct answer: Away from equilibrium

wrong answer 1: At equilibrium

wrong answer 2: Closed system

wrong answer 3: Isolated system


question: Life maintains order by

correct answer: Increasing entropy of surroundings

wrong answer 1: Reducing total entropy

wrong answer 2: Stopping heat loss

wrong answer 3: Destroying energy