question: o

correct answer: o

wrong answer 1: o

wrong answer 2: o

wrong answer 3: o


question: The plasma membrane is best described as

correct answer: A fluid mosaic

wrong answer 1: Completely rigid

wrong answer 2: Made only of protein

wrong answer 3: A solid wall


question: Phospholipids are arranged in a bilayer because they are

correct answer: Amphipathic

wrong answer 1: Nonpolar

wrong answer 2: Fully hydrophilic

wrong answer 3: Ionic


question: The hydrophilic part of a phospholipid is the

correct answer: Phosphate head

wrong answer 1: Fatty acid tail

wrong answer 2: Steroid ring

wrong answer 3: Glycerol backbone


question: The hydrophobic region of a phospholipid is the

correct answer: Fatty acid tails

wrong answer 1: Phosphate group

wrong answer 2: Protein channel

wrong answer 3: Carbohydrate chain


question: Membrane fluidity is most affected by

correct answer: Temperature and lipid composition

wrong answer 1: Cell size

wrong answer 2: pH only

wrong answer 3: ATP concentration


question: Cholesterol functions in membranes by

correct answer: Maintaining fluidity

wrong answer 1: Providing energy

wrong answer 2: Transporting ions

wrong answer 3: Acting as enzyme


question: Integral membrane proteins are

correct answer: Embedded in the lipid bilayer

wrong answer 1: Loosely attached to surface

wrong answer 2: Carbohydrates only

wrong answer 3: Free in cytosol


question: Peripheral membrane proteins are

correct answer: Attached to membrane surface

wrong answer 1: Embedded deeply in bilayer

wrong answer 2: Lipids only

wrong answer 3: Transport channels


question: Membrane carbohydrates are mainly involved in

correct answer: Cell recognition

wrong answer 1: Energy storage

wrong answer 2: Protein folding

wrong answer 3: ATP synthesis


question: Glycoproteins are proteins with

correct answer: Carbohydrate chains attached

wrong answer 1: Phosphate groups only

wrong answer 2: Lipid tails only

wrong answer 3: Metal ions


question: Selective permeability means membranes

correct answer: Allow some substances to pass

wrong answer 1: Block all substances

wrong answer 2: Allow everything freely

wrong answer 3: Are impermeable


question: Small nonpolar molecules cross membranes by

correct answer: Simple diffusion

wrong answer 1: Active transport

wrong answer 2: Endocytosis

wrong answer 3: Facilitated transport


question: Diffusion is the movement of molecules

correct answer: From high to low concentration

wrong answer 1: From low to high concentration

wrong answer 2: Using ATP

wrong answer 3: Against gradient


question: Passive transport requires

correct answer: No cellular energy

wrong answer 1: ATP hydrolysis

wrong answer 2: Protein pumps

wrong answer 3: Vesicles


question: Facilitated diffusion requires

correct answer: A transport protein

wrong answer 1: ATP

wrong answer 2: Low temperature

wrong answer 3: Vesicles


question: Transport proteins include

correct answer: Channels and carriers

wrong answer 1: Only enzymes

wrong answer 2: Only lipids

wrong answer 3: Only carbohydrates


question: Ion channels are proteins that

correct answer: Allow ions to diffuse across membranes

wrong answer 1: Use ATP directly

wrong answer 2: Move glucose only

wrong answer 3: Block all ions


question: Aquaporins specifically transport

correct answer: Water

wrong answer 1: Glucose

wrong answer 2: Sodium ions

wrong answer 3: Proteins


question: Osmosis is the diffusion of

correct answer: Water across a membrane

wrong answer 1: Solutes only

wrong answer 2: Proteins only

wrong answer 3: Ions only


question: A hypertonic solution causes a cell to

correct answer: Lose water

wrong answer 1: Swell

wrong answer 2: Burst

wrong answer 3: Remain unchanged


question: A hypotonic solution causes a cell to

correct answer: Gain water

wrong answer 1: Shrink

wrong answer 2: Stay unchanged

wrong answer 3: Lose solute


question: An isotonic solution causes a cell to

correct answer: Remain the same size

wrong answer 1: Burst

wrong answer 2: Shrink

wrong answer 3: Die


question: Turgid plant cells are in a

correct answer: Hypotonic environment

wrong answer 1: Hypertonic solution

wrong answer 2: Isotonic solution

wrong answer 3: Vacuum


question: Plasmolysis occurs when a plant cell is in a

correct answer: Hypertonic solution

wrong answer 1: Hypotonic solution

wrong answer 2: Isotonic solution

wrong answer 3: Distilled water


question: Active transport moves substances

correct answer: Against their concentration gradient

wrong answer 1: Down gradient

wrong answer 2: Without proteins

wrong answer 3: By diffusion


question: Active transport requires

correct answer: ATP

wrong answer 1: No energy

wrong answer 2: High temperature

wrong answer 3: Diffusion


question: The sodium-potassium pump moves ions by

correct answer: Active transport

wrong answer 1: Facilitated diffusion

wrong answer 2: Osmosis

wrong answer 3: Simple diffusion


question: Endocytosis is the process of

correct answer: Taking material into the cell

wrong answer 1: Releasing material out

wrong answer 2: Diffusion of water

wrong answer 3: Protein synthesis


question: Exocytosis involves

correct answer: Secretion of substances from the cell

wrong answer 1: Engulfing solids

wrong answer 2: Diffusion of ions

wrong answer 3: ATP synthesis


question: Phagocytosis is a type of

correct answer: Endocytosis

wrong answer 1: Exocytosis

wrong answer 2: Diffusion

wrong answer 3: Osmosis


question: Pinocytosis involves uptake of

correct answer: Extracellular fluid

wrong answer 1: Large particles

wrong answer 2: Ions only

wrong answer 3: Proteins only


question: Receptor-mediated endocytosis requires

correct answer: Specific receptors

wrong answer 1: ATP only

wrong answer 2: Different membranes

wrong answer 3: Diffusion


question: Membrane potential is caused by

correct answer: Unequal ion distribution

wrong answer 1: Equal ion concentration

wrong answer 2: Protein synthesis

wrong answer 3: Water diffusion


question: Electrochemical gradient combines

correct answer: Concentration and electrical gradients

wrong answer 1: Temperature and pH

wrong answer 2: Energy and mass

wrong answer 3: Pressure and heat


question: Proton pumps contribute to

correct answer: Electrochemical gradients

wrong answer 1: Protein folding

wrong answer 2: Membrane synthesis

wrong answer 3: Diffusion


question: Membrane fluidity increases when

correct answer: Temperature increases

wrong answer 1: Temperature decreases

wrong answer 2: Cholesterol increases only

wrong answer 3: Proteins increase


question: Unsaturated fatty acids make membranes

correct answer: More fluid

wrong answer 1: Less fluid

wrong answer 2: Rigid

wrong answer 3: Impermeable


question: Saturated fatty acids make membranes

correct answer: Less fluid

wrong answer 1: More fluid

wrong answer 2: More permeable

wrong answer 3: Unstable


question: Transport proteins are specific because

correct answer: They bind specific molecules

wrong answer 1: They bind everything

wrong answer 2: They use ATP

wrong answer 3: They are lipids


question: Metabolism is defined as

correct answer: The totality of chemical reactions

wrong answer 1: Only digestion

wrong answer 2: Only respiration

wrong answer 3: Only ATP use


question: Metabolism arises from

correct answer: Orderly molecular interactions

wrong answer 1: Random collisions

wrong answer 2: Cell division

wrong answer 3: Protein folding


question: The first law of thermodynamics states

correct answer: Energy cannot be created or destroyed

wrong answer 1: Energy is destroyed

wrong answer 2: Entropy decreases

wrong answer 3: Cells make energy


question: The second law of thermodynamics states

correct answer: Energy transfers increase entropy

wrong answer 1: Energy is fully recycled

wrong answer 2: Entropy decreases

wrong answer 3: Heat is usable


question: Entropy is a measure of

correct answer: Disorder

wrong answer 1: Energy

wrong answer 2: Temperature

wrong answer 3: Mass


question: A spontaneous process is one that

correct answer: Increases entropy

wrong answer 1: Requires ATP

wrong answer 2: Is fast

wrong answer 3: Needs enzymes


question: Metabolic pathways consist of

correct answer: A series of reactions

wrong answer 1: Single reactions

wrong answer 2: Random reactions

wrong answer 3: Uncatalyzed reactions


question: Each step in a pathway is catalyzed by

correct answer: A specific enzyme

wrong answer 1: ATP directly

wrong answer 2: Heat

wrong answer 3: Any protein


question: Catabolic pathways

correct answer: Break down molecules

wrong answer 1: Build molecules

wrong answer 2: Store energy

wrong answer 3: Reduce entropy


question: Cellular respiration is

correct answer: A catabolic pathway

wrong answer 1: Anabolic pathway

wrong answer 2: Mechanical work

wrong answer 3: Transport work


question: Anabolic pathways

correct answer: Build complex molecules

wrong answer 1: Break down glucose

wrong answer 2: Release energy

wrong answer 3: Increase disorder only


question: Biosynthetic pathways are

correct answer: Anabolic pathways

wrong answer 1: Catabolic pathways

wrong answer 2: Exergonic only

wrong answer 3: Passive


question: Energy from catabolism is used to

correct answer: Drive anabolism

wrong answer 1: Stop metabolism

wrong answer 2: Destroy ATP

wrong answer 3: Increase entropy only


question: Bioenergetics studies

correct answer: Energy flow in organisms

wrong answer 1: Protein folding

wrong answer 2: DNA replication

wrong answer 3: Cell division


question: Energy is the capacity to

correct answer: Cause change

wrong answer 1: Store mass

wrong answer 2: Increase entropy

wrong answer 3: Make ATP


question: Kinetic energy is energy of

correct answer: Motion

wrong answer 1: Structure

wrong answer 2: Heat

wrong answer 3: Bonds


question: Thermal energy is related to

correct answer: Random particle motion

wrong answer 1: Order only

wrong answer 2: Structure only

wrong answer 3: ATP


question: Potential energy depends on

correct answer: Location or structure

wrong answer 1: Motion

wrong answer 2: Heat

wrong answer 3: Speed


question: Chemical energy is a form of

correct answer: Potential energy

wrong answer 1: Kinetic energy

wrong answer 2: Thermal energy

wrong answer 3: Mechanical energy


question: Free energy is energy available to

correct answer: Do work

wrong answer 1: Increase entropy only

wrong answer 2: Be stored forever

wrong answer 3: Destroy heat


question: ΔG represents

correct answer: Change in free energy

wrong answer 1: Change in entropy

wrong answer 2: Change in heat

wrong answer 3: Change in motion


question: ΔG = ΔH − TΔS describes

correct answer: Free energy change

wrong answer 1: Entropy change

wrong answer 2: Enthalpy change

wrong answer 3: Heat loss


question: Negative ΔG indicates

correct answer: A spontaneous reaction

wrong answer 1: An endergonic reaction

wrong answer 2: Equilibrium

wrong answer 3: Nonspontaneous


question: Positive ΔG indicates

correct answer: An endergonic reaction

wrong answer 1: Spontaneous reaction

wrong answer 2: Exergonic reaction

wrong answer 3: Equilibrium


question: Exergonic reactions

correct answer: Release free energy

wrong answer 1: Absorb free energy

wrong answer 2: Require ATP

wrong answer 3: Are never spontaneous


question: Endergonic reactions

correct answer: Absorb free energy

wrong answer 1: Release free energy

wrong answer 2: Occur spontaneously

wrong answer 3: Lower entropy


question: At equilibrium

correct answer: free energy is

wrong answer 1: At minimum

wrong answer 2: At maximum

wrong answer 3: Increasing


question: Systems move spontaneously toward

correct answer: Equilibrium

wrong answer 1: Instability

wrong answer 2: Higher free energy

wrong answer 3: Lower entropy


question: Living cells avoid equilibrium because

correct answer: They are open systems

wrong answer 1: They lack enzymes

wrong answer 2: They lack ATP

wrong answer 3: They violate laws


question: ATP couples reactions by

correct answer: Linking exergonic to endergonic

wrong answer 1: Destroying enzymes

wrong answer 2: Increasing entropy only

wrong answer 3: Stopping heat loss


question: Chemical work involves

correct answer: Driving endergonic reactions

wrong answer 1: Diffusion

wrong answer 2: Heat loss

wrong answer 3: Equilibrium


question: Transport work involves

correct answer: Moving substances across membranes

wrong answer 1: Protein synthesis

wrong answer 2: Cilia movement

wrong answer 3: Heat release


question: Mechanical work involves

correct answer: Movement like cilia beating

wrong answer 1: Diffusion

wrong answer 2: ATP synthesis

wrong answer 3: Protein folding


question: ATP hydrolysis is

correct answer: Exergonic

wrong answer 1: Endergonic

wrong answer 2: At equilibrium

wrong answer 3: Nonspontaneous


question: ATP releases energy when

correct answer: A phosphate bond breaks

wrong answer 1: Adenine breaks

wrong answer 2: Ribose breaks

wrong answer 3: ATP forms


question: Entropy of the universe

correct answer: Tends to increase

wrong answer 1: Tends to decrease

wrong answer 2: Stays constant

wrong answer 3: Disappears


question: Order in cells is maintained by

correct answer: Energy input

wrong answer 1: Entropy destruction

wrong answer 2: Heat elimination

wrong answer 3: Equilibrium